Upper cylinder lubricator



Aug. 26, 1952 F. M L. STEWART 2,603,137

UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Filed Dec. 19, 1947 I 5 Sheets-Sheet 1fitter/regs Aug. 26, 1952 F. M L. STEWART 2,608,187

UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Filed Dec. 19, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 x 7Flt-5.2

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I f l "L I2 I 5L l v v f Inventor.- fEzze'z/cKA l 5715-7164/67, 2 a

Attorneys.

Aug. 26, 1952 F. M L. STEWART UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Filed Dec. 19,1947 Aug. 26, 1952 MacL. STEWART 2,608,187

UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Filed Dec. 19, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 42 I I I,36 a a I F. M L. STEWART 2,608,187

- UPPER CYLINDER LUBRICATOR Aug. 26, 1952 Filed Dec. 19; 1947 5Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG6 FIG? 152 '5 g Patented Aug. 26, 1952 UPPER CYLINDERLUBRIcA'roa'f' Frederick MacLean Stewart, Edinburgh, ScotlandApplicationDecember19,1917, SerialNo.792,654 a In Great Britain November20,1946 V- Section 1, PublicLaw 69 0, August 8, 1946 Patent expiresNovember 20, 1966 a 1 w This invention has for its object to provide forthe lubrication of the cylinders of internal combustion engines whenstarting from the cold state, by supplying a measured quantity oflubricating oil to the cylinders of the engine when the normal .pressurelubricating system. of the engine is not functioning efficiently owingto the high viscosity of the cold lubricating oil.

My invention consists in the method of effecting cylinder lubricationwhich comprises mixing lubricating oil with the fuel charge prior toadmission of the combustible charge into the engine cylinder, thelubricating oil being admixed with the fuel charge automaticallyeither,

prior to or after carburetting of the fuel.

My invention also consists in a method of mixing lubricating oil withthe fuel comprising inducing or injecting a supply of lubricating oilinto a liquid fuel passage or chamber for admixture with the fueltherein, in order to provide a mixed charge of oil and fuel for startingpurposes, and regulating the oil supply to reduce or cut-off the supplyof oil admixed with the fuel during normal'running of the engine.

The admixture of oil and fuel maybe effected by mechanical, hydraulic,electric, manual or gravity-actuated means or by any combination of suchmeans.

The method of the present invention maybe arranged to give a continuoussupply of upper cylinder lubricant admixed with the fuel charge duringnormal runningof the engine, with an additional supply of" oil admixedwith the fuel for starting from cold, or it may be arranged to supplyoil-to the fuel for starting purposes only. The oil supplied to'the'fuel may be regulated in order to supply a, measured quantitywithin a predetermined time period or to control the supply of oilduring" normal running of the engine.

' My invention further consists in apparatus for introducing a supply oflubricating oil into the engine cylinder with the combustible mixturecomprising an oil chamber, amixing chamber or mixing passage'interpose'd' in the liquid fuel supply to the engine cylinders, andmeans for delivering a measured or regulated quantity of oil to themixing chamber or mixing passage from the oil chamber for admixture withliquid fuel in the mixing chamber or mixing passage.

The method of the present invention and various ways in which it may becarried into effect arehereinafter explainedwith reference to theaccompanying drawings whereon Figs. 1, 2, 3 and4 are views in sectionalelevation of four different constructionsof cold start lubricatingapparatu ;aggord atpthe invention;;; :;i

. 5Clai1n s. (C1. 1 235196) Figs. 5 to 11 are diagrammatic illustrationsshowing the manner in which the cold startlubricating apparatus may beincorporated in the engine fuel supply system. 1

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the adaption of the ap-. paratus shown in Figs.1 and 2 respectively. f Figs. '7 and 8 show alternative arrangements.for the installationof the apparatus shownin Fig.3. Figs. 9, 10 and 11illustrate three alternative arrangements for the installation of theapparatus shown in Fig. 4. Referring firstly to Figs. 1 and 5, whichillus+. trate one manner of carrying out the invention,

the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 and designated by the general referencecharacter L in Fig. 5 must.

be positioned above the level of a fuel supply j tank T between thelatter and a fuel pump P which supplies fuel from the tank T'to the engine cylinders or carburetter of an engine E, be? cause the apparatusshown in Fig. 1 relies on the" suction'of the pump P lifting the fuelfrom the tank T to the lubricating oil vessel L. As shown in Fig. l, thevessel L is provided with a fuel inlet" connection I for connection byan inlet pipe 2 to the fuel tank T. The inlet connection I com municateswith a fuel inlet port 3 which opens into a mixing. chamber 4 locatedwithin the vessel L through a vacuum passage or chamber 5 formed by avertical tube 6 which has an oil inlet orifice! in its upper end. Theoil inlet ori fice 1 is formed in the base'of an oil cup 8 which formsthe base ofa drip feed chamber 9; enclosed by, a cover H]. An oilfee'dpipe ll opens" into the drip chamber 9 and is in communicag tion at itslower end with an oil chamber I2 pro= vided in the vessel L andseparated from the mixing chamber 4 by a partition [3. A filling orificel4 fitted with a filler cap I5 enabls the' chamber I2 to be charged withlubricating-oil. The mixing chamber 4 has an outlet tube 16'which-extends up through the oil chamber- 12 and communicates with anoutlet port I! for connection by means of an outlet connection [8' to a'mixture delivery pipe l9 whichis connected to the fuel pump P. Withthis arrangement, the suction of the pump P draws mixture or liquid fuelfromthe mixing chamber't which -is fed from the fuel tank T through'thevacuum passage 5, inducing oil the'reinto through the oilinlet orifice 1from the oil chamber 12-. Theorifice I may, if desired, be fitted withanadjust able needle valve or other regulating device.

When the pump P is not in operation, fuelin-the pipe 2-tends.toreturn'to the tank '1, thus creL- ating a partial vacuum in: the.apassageii rand;

3 maintaining the flow of oil thereto through the orifice 1 until thefuel level in the pipe 2 falls to the level of the fuel in the tank T.The volume of that part of the inlet pipe 2 which extends up from alevel coinciding with the level of the fuel in tank T to theinlet'connection I thus determines the quantity of oil which ismaintained in the vacuum passage 5 when the engine is not in operation.This oil is drawn into the mixing chamber 4 to mix with the f ueltherein when the engine is started-,"-and-passes through pipe l6 andoutlet port to the engine cylinders. This oily mixture issubsedfientlyfollowed by a normal running minarehevmge re-- ducedproportion of oil to liquid fuel.

Fig. 2 illustrates a modified formof the'appa;

ratus illustrated in Fig. l to enablethe vessel 1;.

4 inlet orifice 31 of which communicates with the oil chamber |2 and isfitted with a check valve 38. A piston 39 in the cylinder 3| is actedupon by the pressure of oil supplied through an oil inlet connection 40from the usual engine-driven oil pump 46 ofthe normal-=lubricatingsystemof the engine. E thrfiugh a plpell' as'iishown in Figs. 7 and 8. Abovethe piston 39 is fitted a spring 42 or other loading means. When theengine is stopped, the spring 42 moves the piston 39 "downwardsfthu'sdrawing in oil from the chamberlllthrough'the-oil pipe 36 into thecylinder 3|. When the engine is started, the pressure ---i'r'r -thlepipemeeting on the underside of the to be mounted above or below thelevel of the fuel tank T, or, as shown in Fig. 6 at the-same level. Inthis case the fuel supply to the vacuum fii'sseg'e' 2 5' constitutedby etube 20 is controlled bya si iction-valve 2| which opens into thepassage i5 and eehueueq'sye spring or otherwise loaded. The m -eatersbyway of-an inlet ee'hheetieh 24-through thesuction valve 2| intovacuumpa's sage*25 fan'd oil isdrawn into'the passage-' thrdughftheorifice 1. The mixture of oil-anti *fuePtherl passes outthrough a-port15in the tube into the mixing chamber 4' and inough a'tubel lhnd outletconnectionfzfl tothe" fuel pump and eiigine. When theffueI pump ceases,on stopping the ehgin'efoilcontinnes to flowinto thefpassage 2 5 untilthe pressures*eueyeenabe1ew t e orifice Tbalanc'e each other. f" The"suction in the passage and the volume of the said passagecontrol themaximum quantity, of oil stored ltherein forTe-sta-rting the eng" e.The'rate' df oil' flownecreases as the pressure diirere'ncs abbveandbelow the orifice 1 equalize eaclfo'ther; When th'e'en'gine is started,

the fuel 'pu'fnp P draws fuel from the mining chamber 4 and this"replaced by'st'o'r'ed oilfrom the passage '25 'untilijthe' pressure'drops sufiiciiitlyto 'epenwhesu'eueh valve 2|. This re sjilt'antfuel-oil iixt'ur'e'rich in oil is' delivered. w he 'eiig'ine'fdistaitingpurposes The mix tiir of fuel and o'il beco'ines progressively weakerihieues the em'du'm' or fuel enters the niiiiing'chamber 4; until anormal mixture for normal running of'tliei'en'gine' is attained.

In the'eiiainples' hereinbe'fore described with refereheeite Figs. .land 2; on is continuously supplied with the liq'irid' fuel during normalrunni'ng of the engine; aridaricher o'il'rniirturelthe richness of whichdepends 'on' th period up to a predetermineddimit dfir ingwhich theengine is n s -mf6tereuen;g i' ssiipplied when starting the e e-e,

A ccor ding tothe form of the invention illustrated in Fig, 3 oil issupplied for'starting onlyp and the vessel L can be fitted on eitherside of the fuel pump Pas shownin Figs. 7 and 8, or it may lie-usedwithagravity fuel supply, inwhich case the pump P may be omitted.- The mixingchamber 4 in the construction shown in Fig. 3'

va1ve32=which is; controlled byr a spring 33 or pl'ston39foice's the oilin the cylinder 3| into -the-=mixing+chamber 4 to mix with the fuel:thefein, itherf'uel being either induced into the chamber 4 by the fuelpump P in Fig. 8 or suppliedbjf gravity or by a, fuel feed pump as inFig. :7. The mixture of -oil and fuel delivered to thfe engine thr u htli outlt conhetloir all' becomes graduallfwakei 15 oil until 'nheu'y'only liquid fuel enters tihti eaves-the mixing chamber 4; Iri-th'econstruction shown in Fig. 3f the liq'iiid fuel enters theclia'inbert through il inlet tube 43 which extends eewnwerde'r'mm'theinlet connection 29 ena- -epehe into the -1ewerpart of chamber 4.' Th'eoil' ch'arnber I! is charged with injected *'into one of "the1'uel'supplypassa'ges nection 40 which" otherwise loaded and {opens towardsthe mixing;

chamber 4 -The-valve 3-2 controls'an-oil passage 34-'-leadlngfroma--chamber-,35 formed in the upper-end of the cylinder 3.|t;3a-nd thechamber; 3iicom'municateszwith an ioilsupplyJpipe 36;.ther 7 bearranged-butslde -the delivering 'jful' tojthe" engine cylinders orcarburetter', and is supplied'lonly when starting -the engine. Thisarrangement can'bel fitted to either side of the fuel pump as iniFigIQor 1061'. as V diagrammatically illustrated in Fig; 11. In this case the01 1, is fed into] affuel supply passage at a predeterm1nedi-ate."' Forthis purpose the'oil pressure pipe 4| connects the usual engine 'drivenoil pump 46 on the iigine E'to the oil inlet coni v i e o'tli e' 'hnaerat below the piston 39; e6 that 011 centered by the en pump 46move's'the piston 39 iipwards against the; pressure ofthe spring 42.eteppme'th'e'ehgme. the spring 42 moves the piston 39"dowriwai-ds anddraws l through: the pipje I seem" eh'eek valve as from t e'j i'i-ftheme; 2. wheii the engineis re -started thjeleiigifne oil pressure inpipe 4| forces pistomgig' upwards, discharging the oil in chamber 35pastthe spring controlled valve 33 into and througha r estricted passage4ft in an outlet connection 1 iehdelivers the 'oil through a'deliverypipe 48. As showiiin Fig. 9 thepipe 48' is connectedto {pipe-49 betweenthe fuel pump 1? and the engine, but it may be connected to the fuelpump; suction pipe Seas in Fig. l0; or in'cases'where-thefuel issuppliedto the engineicarburetter or to a'fuel injection pump; as in-Fig; 11;,the pipe opens into-the engine. inlet or* induction manifold 5|.

The-invention is 'notlimitedutothe specific forms illustrated inFigs. l.to 4.01 the 'accom-' panying drawings which are" capable of variationwithout departingdr'omtheinvention! For instance, the mixing chamber 4maybe arranged externally of 'the vessel Ii instead of beinglocatedwithintlievss'el as in Figs. 1 to 3'; also the outlet connection l8 inFig.1 may 'ope'nout direct from the upper part of chamber 4' in' Fig.1;"inore'over, instead of the arrangements shown in 3 and 4', the:cylinder 3|anti i tsassobia the valve 32 may be adjustably loaded, suchas by adjustment of the pressure of the spring 33,

so that the valve 32 acts as an adjustable pressure reducing valve, orthe passage 45 in Fig. 4 may be fitted with an adjustable needle valveor other regulating device.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for effecting cylinder lubrication in an internalcombustion engine comprising a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet port,a mixture delivery port, a check valve controlling said inlet port, avacuum passage communicating with said mixing chamber, an oil inletorifice opening into said passage, and an oil reservoir in communicationwith said orifice.

2. Apparatus for effecting cylinder lubrication in an internalcombustion engine comprising an oil reservoir, a vacuum chamber, an oilcup, a restricted oil feed passage connecting said chamber and oil cup,an oil feed pipe from said reservoir to said oil cup, a mixing chamber,an outlet from said vacuum chamber to said mixing chamber, a fuel inletto said mixing chamber, a valve for closing said fuel inlet and openingunder withdrawal of liquid from said mixing chamber, and a deliveryoutlet from said mixing chamber to the engine cylinders.

3. Apparatus for effecting cylinder lubrication in an internalcombustion engine comprising an oil reservoir, a vacuum chamber, arestricted oil feed pipe from said reservoir to said vacuum chamber, amixing chamber, an outlet from said vacuum chamber to said mixingchamber whereby oil is supplied to said mixing chamber at a graduallydecreasing rate when the engine starts, a fuel inlet to said mixingchamber, a valve controlling said fuel inlet and arranged to open whenthe engine is running and to close when the engine is stopped, and adelivery outlet from said mixing chamber to the engine cylinders,withdrawal of a mixture of oil and fuel from said mixing chamber whenthe engine starts gradu- 4. Apparatus for effecting cylinder lubricationin an internal combustion engine comprising a compartmented vesseladapted to contain lubricating oil in a reservoir forming onecompartment and liquid fuel and oil in a mixing chamber forming anothercompartment of said vessel, a vacuum chamber in communication betweensaid oil reservoir and said mixing chamber, means for delivering ameasured quantity of oil from said reservoir to said vacuum chamber andthence to the mixing chamber when the engine is at rest, a liquid fuelinlet to said mixing chamber, a delivery outlet from said mixingchamber, and means for supplying liquid fuel to said mixing chamberthrough said fuel inlet to cause the proportion of oil to fuel suppliedfrom the mixing chamber through said mixture outlet and thence to theengine induction system progressively to decrease when the engine isrunning.

5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the compartmented vessel isprovided with an oil cup, an oil feed passage from said oil compartmentto said oil cup, a restricted oil inlet orifice leading from said oilcup to the vacuum chamber, and valve means controlling the liquid fuelinlet to the mixing chamber, said valve means being adapted to openunder withdrawal through the mixture outlet of the contents of saidmixing chamber.

FREDERICK MACLEAN STEWART.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,904,936 Stokes Apr. 18, 19331,960,155 Jameson May 22, 1934 2,096,808 Jenkins Oct. 26, 1937 2,223,881Armitage Dec. 3, 1940 2,241,566 Winfield 'May 13, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTSNumber ,Country Date 362,802 Great Britain Dec. 10, 1931 482,504 GreatBritain Mar. 30, 1938

